Dynamics of Culture War in France, Portugal and Italy: Catholicism and Liberal Secularizaton in Conflict (1789-1870)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69791/rahc.302Keywords:
Secular-Catholic Conflict, Culture War, Liberalism, Secularization, Liberal nation-buildingAbstract
Throughout the long nineteenth century, the conflict between liberal political projects and ecclesiastical institutions constituted a central axis in the transformation of European societies, particularly in the Catholic countries of the Mediterranean, where it assumed a notably intense character. This article examines the various forms the conflict between clericalism and anti-clericalism took in France, Portugal and Italy between 1789 and 1870, with particular attention to its symbolic and cultural dimensions. It explores whether the concept of “culture war” may be appropriately applied to this period, characterized by the construction of liberal nation-states, a process that encountered strong resistance from the Catholic Church and advocates of a confessional order who opposed the secularizing impulses of liberalism.
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