The role of monarchy in the European constitutional development

The Spanish example. From the assembly ergime to parlamentarism versus the American presidentialism

Abstract

In this article I present some of the reasons which the our Constituents emphasized to design two different political projects. The revolutionary, with strict separation of powers in 1812, and the moderate or parliamentary government, when Fernando VII died. This confirms my hyphotesis: The revolutionary worked in the U.S. with an eligible Executive with the same renewed legitimity as the Legislative; it did not work in the Monarchy with a permanent power. The reason was that to settle the revolution it was necessary to strengthen the Executive Power. While the Republic allowed the presidentialism to develop, the Constitutional Monarchy and the presidentialism are incompatible. The solution was the parliamentary system of England, being Europe definitely influenced by this model, even when it became republican by majority.