Heterodox nationalists in Euskadi in the 20th century

Abstract

From the late 19th century onwards, the main dividing-line of the Basque nationalist movement was not between a right and a left wing, but between moderates and radicals, related to their policy about the Basque autonomy inside the Spanish State. In addition, there was a third way of heterodox nationalists, among which we could mention some individuals in the period of the Spanish Restoration, Acción Nacionalista Vasca during the Second Republic, the Civil War and its exile under Franco’s dictatorship, ESEI in the Spanish Transition to democracy, and Euskadiko Ezkerra in the 80s and early 90s. This article analyzes their common features, its evolution, its contributions, its political failure and disappearance.