El sujeto de la libertad
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69791/rahc.180Palabras clave:
Acción humana, resistencia, secularismo, eurocentrismo, feminismo, mujeres musulmanasResumen
El artículo hace una perspicaz y novedosa contribución al actual debate sobre la relación entre las tradiciones occidental y no occidental de reflexión y de crítica teóricas y de práctica política. La autora cuestiona muchos de los conceptos que han constituido durante largo tiempo parte esencial de la ciencia social moderno-liberal y reconsidera críticamente categorías firmemente arraigadas en dichas ciencias como las de sujeto, acción humana, conciencia, opresión, libertad y autonomía individual. En particular, reconsidera la noción de capacidad humana de acción y problematiza la utilidad teórica de la dicotomía convencional entre opresión religiosa y resistencia. Haciendo uso de esta nueva perspectiva teórica, la autora explora la genealogía y explica las prácticas y formas de subjetividad de las mujeres que componen el movimiento de las mezquitas en Egipto.
Descargas
Citas
ABEDI, Mehdi y FISCHER, Michael M. J.: Debating Muslims: Cultural dialogues in postmodernity and tradition, Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 1990.
ABU-LUGHOD, Lila: Veiled sentiments: Honor and poetry in a Bedouin society, Berkeley-Los Ángeles, University of California Press, 1986.
ABU-LUGHOD, Lila: «Anthropology’s orient: The boundaries of theory on the Arab world», en H. Sharabi (ed.), Theory, politics, and the Arab world: Critical responses, New York, Routledge, 1990a, pp. 81-131.
ABU-LUGHOD, Lila: «The romance of resistance: Tracing transformation of power through Bedouin women», American Ethnologist, 17, 1 (1990b), pp. 41-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/ae.1990.17.1.02a00030
ABU-LUGHOD, Lila: Writing women’s worlds: Bedouin stories, Berkeley-Los Ángeles, University of California Press, 1993.
ABU-LUGHOD, Lila: «Do Muslim women really need saving? Anthropological reflections on cultural relativism and its others», American Anthropologist, 104, 3 (2002), pp. 783-790. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.2002.104.3.783
ADAMS, Parveen y MINSON, Jeff: «The ‘subject’ of feminism», m/f, 2 (1978), pp. 43-61.
AFSHAR, Haleh: Islam and feminism: An Iranian case study, New York, St. Martin’s Press, 1998.
AHMED, Leila: «Western ethnocentrism and perceptions of the harem», Feminist Studies, 8, 3 (1982), pp. 521-534. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3177710
AL-AHRAM CENTER FOR POLITICAL AND STRATEGIC STUDIES: Taqrir al-hala al-diniyya fi Misr, Cairo, Center for Political and Strategic Studies, 1996.
ALTORKI, Soraya: Women and Saudi Arabia: Ideology and behaviour among the elite, New York, Columbia University Press, 1986. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7312/alto94660
ANSCOMBE, G. E. M.: «Modern moral philosophy», en Ethics, religion and politics: Vol. 3. The collected philosophical papers of G. E. M. Anscombe, Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1981, pp. 26-42.
ASAD, Talal: «The idea of an anthropology of Islam», Occasional Papers Series, Washington, D.C., Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown University, 1986.
ASAD, Talal: Genealogies of religion: Discipline and reason of power in Christianity and Islam, Baltimore, MD, John Hopkins University Press, 1993.
ASAD, Talal: Formations of the secular: Christianity, Islam, modernity, Stanford, CA, Stanford University Press, 2003.
ATIYA, Nayra: Khul-Khaal: Five Egyptian women tell their stories, Syracuse, NY, Syracuse University Press, 1982.
BARTKY, Sandra: Feminity and domination: Studies in the phenomenology of oppression, New York, Routledge, 1990.
BEININ, Joel y STORK, Joe (eds.): Political Islam: Essays from Middle East Report, Berkeley-Los Ángeles, University of California Press, 1997. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520917583
BENHABIB, Seyla, BUTLER, Judith, CORNELL, Drucilla y FRASER, Nancy: Feminist contentions: A philosophical exchange, New York, Routledge, 1995.
BENHABIB, Seyla: Situating the self: Gender, community and postmodernism in contemporary ethics, New York, Routledge, 1992.
BERLIN, Isaiah: Four essays on liberty, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1969.
BODDY, Janice: Wombs and alien spirits: Women, men, and the Zar cult in Northern Sudan, Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 1989.
BORDO, Susan: Unbearable weight: Feminism, Western culture, and the body, Berkeley-Los Ángeles, University of California Press, 1993.
BOURDIEU, Pierre: Outline of a theory of practice, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1977. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511812507
BOURDIEU, Pierre: The logic of practice, Stanford, CA, Stanford University Press, 1990.
BOWEN, John: Muslims through discourse: Religion and ritual in Gayo society, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 1993. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691221588
BRANT, Beth (ed.): A gathering of spirit: Writing and art by North American Indian women, Rockland, ME, Sinister Wisdom Books, 1984.
BROWN, Wendy: Politics out of history, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 2001.
BRUSCO, Elizabeth: The reformation of machismo: Evangelical conversion and gender in Colombia, Austin, University of Texas Press, 1995.
BURGAT, François y DOWELL, William: The Islamic movement in North Africa, Austin, Center for Middle Eastern Studies, University of Texas, 1997.
BUTLER, Judith: Bodies that matter: On the discursive limits of ‘sex’, New York, Routledge, 1993. [Cuerpos que importan. Sobre los límites materiales y discursivos del ‘sexo’, Buenos Aires, Paidós, 2002].
BUTLER, Judith: Excitable speech: A politics of the performative, New York, Routledge, 1997a. [Lenguaje, poder e identidad, Madrid, Síntesis, 2004].
BUTLER, Judith: «Further reflections on conversations of our time», Diacritics, 27, 1 (1997b), pp. 13-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/dia.1997.0004
BUTLER, Judith: The psychic life of power: Theories in subjection, Stanford, CA, Stanford University Press, 1997c. [Mecanismos psíquicos del poder. Teorías sobre la sujeción, Madrid, Cátedra, 2001].
BUTLER, Judith: Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity, New York, Routledge, 1999. [El género en disputa. El feminismo y la subversión de la identidad, Barcelona, Paidós, 2008].
BUTLER, Judith: «Doing justice to someone: Sex reassignment and allegories of transsexuality», GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, 7, 4 (2001), pp. 621-636 [incluido en su obra Undoing gender, New York-Londres, Routledge, 2004. Deshacer el género, Barcelona, Paidós, 2006].
BUTLER, Judith y CONNOLLY, William: «Politics, power and ethics: A discussion between Judith Butler and William Connolly», Theory and Event, 24, 2 (2000).
BUTLER, Judith, LACLAU, Ernesto y ŽIŽEK, Slavoj: Contingency, hegemony, universality: Contemporary dialogues on the left, London, Verso Press, 2000. [Contingencia, hegemonía, universalidad: diálogos contemporáneos en la izquierda, Buenos Aires, Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2004].
CATON, Steven: ‘Peaks of Yemen I summon’: Poetry as cultural practice in a North Yemeni tribe, Berkeley-Los Ángeles, University of California Press, 1990. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520913721
CAVELL, Stanley: «What did Derrida want of Austin?», en Philosophical passages: Wittgenstein, Emerson, Austin, Derrida, Oxford, Blackwell, 1995, pp. 42-65.
CHAKRABARTY, Dipesh: «Provincializing Europe: Postcoloniality and the critique of history», Cultural Studies, 6, 3 (2000), pp. 337-357. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09502389200490221
CHODOROW, Nancy: The reproduction of mothering: Psychoanalysis and the sociology of gender, Berkeley-Los Ángeles, University of California Press, 1978. [El ejercicio de la maternidad. Psicoanálisis y sociología de la maternidad y paternidad en la crianza de los hijos, Barcelona, Gedisa, 1984].
CHRISTMAN, John: «Liberalism and individual positive freedom», Ethics, 101 (1991), pp. 343-359. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/293292
COLEBROOK, Claire: «Feminism and autonomy: The crisis of the self-authoring subject», Body and Society, 3, 2 (1997), pp. 21-41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1357034X97003002003
COLEBROOK, Claire: «Ethics, positivity, and gender: Foucault, Aristotle, and the care of the self», Philosophy Today, 42, 1/4 (1998), pp. 40-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5840/philtoday19984215
COLEBROOK, Claire: «From radical representations to corporeal becoming: The feminist philosophy of Lloyd, Grosz, and Gatens», Hypatia, 15, 2 (2000a), pp. 76-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/hyp.2000.0017
COLLIER, Jane: From duty to desire. Remarking families in a Spanish village, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 1997. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691215860
COLLIER, Jane y YANAGISAKO, Sylvia: «Theory in anthropology since feminist practice», Critique of Anthropology, IX, 2 (1989), pp. 27-37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0308275X8900900203
COLLINS, Patricia Hill: Black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment, New York, Routledge, 1991. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/229850
CONNOLLY, William: Why I am not a secularist, Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1999.
DAVIDSON, Arnold: «Ethics as ascetics: Foucault, the history of ethics, and ancient thought», en J. Goldstein (ed.), Foucault and the writing of history, Cambridge, Blackwell, 1994, pp. 63-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CCOL9780521403320.007
DAVIS, Angela: Women, race and class, New York, Vintage Books, 1983. [Mujeres, raza y clase, Madrid, Akal, 2004].
DAVIS, Susan: Patience and power: Women’s lives in a Moroccan village, Cambridge, MA, Schenkman, 1983.
DERRIDA, Jacques: «Signature event context», en Limited Inc, Evanston, IL, Northwestern University Press, 1988, pp. 1-23.
DWYER, Daisy: Images and self-images: Male and female in Morocco, New York, Columbia University Press, 1978.
EARLY, Evelyn: Baladi women of Cairo: Playing with an egg and a stone, Boulder, CO, Lynne Rienner, 1993. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781685859312
EL GUINDI, Fadwa: «Veiling infitah with Muslim ethics: Egypt’s contemporary Islamic movement», Social Problems, 28, 4 (1981), pp. 465-485. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/800058
ESPOSITO, John: The Islamic threat: Myth or reality?, New York, Oxford University Press, 1992. [El desafío islámico: ¿mito o realidad?, Madrid, Acento, 1996].
FAUBION, James: «Toward an anthropology of ethics: Foucault and the pedagogies of autopoiesis», Representations, 74 (2001), pp. 83-104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3176050
FERNEA, Elizabeth (ed.): Women and family in the Middle East: New voices of change, Austin, University of Texas Press, 1985.
FOOT, Philippa: Virtues and vices and other essays in moral philosophy, Berkeley-Los Ángeles, University of California Press, 1978.
FOUCAULT, Michel: The history of sexuality: An introduction, New York, Pantheon Books, 1978. [Historia de la sexualidad, Madrid, Siglo XXI, 2005].
FOUCAULT, Michel: «Truth and power», en Power/Knowledge: Selected interviews and other writings 1972-1977, New York, Pantheon Books, 1980, pp. 109-133.
FOUCAULT, Michel: «The subject and power», en H. Dreyfus y P. Rabinow (eds.), Michel Foucault: Beyond structuralism and hermeneutics, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1983, pp. 208-226.
FOUCAULT, Michel: The history of sexuality: Vol. 2. The use of pleasure, New York, Vintage Books, 1990. [Historia de la sexualidad. Vol. II. El uso de los placeres, Madrid, Siglo XXI, 2005].
FOUCAULT, Michel: «The ethics of the concern of the self as a practice of freedom», en M. Foucault, Ethics: Subjectivity and Truth: Vol. 1. Essential Works of Foucault, 1954-1984, New York, New Press, 1997a, pp. 281-301.
FOUCAULT, Michel: «On the genealogy of ethics: An overview of work in progress», en M. Foucault, Ethics: Subjectivity and Truth: Vol. 1. Essential Works of Foucault, 1954-1984, New York, New Press, 1997b, pp. 253-280.
FOUCAULT, Michel: Ethics: Subjectivity and Truth: Vol. 1. Essential Works of Foucault, 1954-1984, New York, New Press, 1997c.
FRIEDMAN, Marilyn: «Autonomy and social relationship: Rethinking the feminist critique», en D. T. Meyers (ed.), Feminists rethink the self, Boulder, CO, Westview Press, 1997, pp. 40-61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429500466-3
FRIEDMAN, Marilyn: Autonomy, gender, politics, New York, Oxford University Press, 2003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/0195138503.001.0001
GAFFNEY, Patrick: «The changing voices of Islam: The emergence of professional preachers in contemporary Egypt», Muslim World, LXXXI, 1 (1991), pp. 27-47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-1913.1991.tb03510.x
GATENS, Moira: Imaginary bodies: Ethics, power, and corporeality, London, Routledge, 1996.
GILLIGAN, Carol: In a different voice: Psychological theory and women’s development, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1982.
GÖLE, Nilüfer: The forbidden modern: Civilization and veiling, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, 1996. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.10254
GRAY, John: «On negative and positive liberty», en Liberalisms: Essays in political philosophy, New York, Routledge, 1991, pp. 45-68.
GREEN, Thomas Hill: Lectures on the principles of political obligation and other writings, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1986.
GROSZ, Elizabeth: Volatile bodies: Toward a corporeal feminism, Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1994.
GUHA, Ranajit: «The small voice of history», en S. Amin y D. Chakrabarty (eds.), Subaltern Studies IX: Writing on South Asian History and Society, Delhi, Oxford University Press, 1996, pp. 1-12.
GUHA, Ranajit y SPIVAK, Gayatri (eds.): Selected Subaltern Studies, Delhi, Oxford University Press, 1988.
HACKING, Ian: Rewriting the soul: Multiple personality and the sciences of memory, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 1995. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400821686
HACKING, Ian: Historical ontology, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 2002.
HALE, Sondra: «Sudanese women and revolutionary parties: The wing of the patriarch», MERIP Middle East Report, 16, 1 (1986), pp. 25-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3011907
HALE, Sondra: «Women’s culture/men’s culture: Gender, separation, and space in Africa and North America», American Behavioral Scientist, 31, 1 (1987), pp. 115-134. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/000276487031001008
HARDING, Susan: «Representing fundamentalism: The problem of the repugnant cultural other», Social Research, 58, 2 (1991), pp. 373-393.
HARDING, Susan: The book of Jerry Falwell: Fundamentalist language and politics, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 2000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691190464
HARTSOCK, Nancy: Money, sex, and power: Toward a feminist historical materialism, Boston, Northeastern University Press, 1983.
HEFNER, Robert: Civil Islam: Muslims and democratization in Indonesia, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 2000.
HEGLAND, Mary: «Flagellation and fundamentalism: (Trans)forming meaning, identity, and gender through Pakistani women’s rituals of mourning», American Ethnologist, 25, 2 (1998), pp. 240-266. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/ae.1998.25.2.240
HELLER, Thomas, SOSNA, Morton y WELLBERRY, David (eds.): Reconstructing individualism: Autonomy, individuality, and the self in Western thought, Stanford, CA, Stanford University Press, 1986.
HIRSCHKIND, Charles: «Civic virtue and religious reason: An Islamic counterpublic», Cultural Anthropology, 16, 1 (2001a), pp. 3-34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/can.2001.16.1.3
HIRSCHKIND, Charles: «The ethics of listening: Cassette-sermon audition in contemporary Egypt», American Ethnologist, 28, 3 (2001b), pp. 623-649. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/ae.2001.28.3.623
HIRSCHKIND, Charles: «Hearing modernity», en V. Erlmann, Hearing cultures. Essays on sound, listening, and modernity, Oxford, Berg, 2004, pp. 191-216.
HIRSCHKIND, Charles y MAHMOOD, Saba: «Feminism, the Taliban, and politics of counter-insurgency», Anthropological Quarterly, 75, 2 (2002), pp. 339-354. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/anq.2002.0031
HOBSBAWM, Eric: Peasants in history: Essays in honour of Daniel Thorner, Calcuta, Oxford University Press, 1980.
HOFFMAN-LADD, Valerie: «Polemics on the modesty and segregation of women in contemporary Egypt», International Journal of Middle East Studies, 19 (1987), pp. 23-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020743800031640
HOLLYWOOD, Amy: «Performativity, citationality, ritualization», History of Religions, 42, 2 (2002), pp. 93-115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/463699
HULL, Gloria, BELL-SCOTT, Patricia y SMITH, Barbara (eds.): All the women are white, all the blacks are men, but some of us are brave: Black women’s studies, New York, Feminist Press, 1982.
HUNT, Ian: «Freedom and its conditions», Australasian Philosophy, 69, 3 (1991), pp. 288-301. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00048409112344751
JOSEPH, Suad (ed.): Intimate selving in Arab families: Gender, self, and identity, Syracuse, Syracuse University Press, 1999.
KANT, Immanuel: Religion within the boundaries of mere reason and other writings, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1998. [La religión dentro de los límites de la mera razón, Madrid, Alianza Editorial, 2001].
KEANE, Webb: «From fetishism to sincerity: On agency, the speaking subject, and their historicity in the context of religious conversion», Comparative Studies in Society and History, 39, 4 (1997), pp. 674-693. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0010417500020855
LAZREG, Marnia: The eloquence of silence: Algerian women in question, New York, Routledge, 1994.
LORDE, Audre: Sister outsider: Essays and speeches, Trumansburg, Crossing Press, 1984. [La hermana, la extranjera, Madrid, Horas y horas, 2003].
LOVIBOND, Sabina: Ethical formation, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 2002.
MACCALLUM, Gerald: «Negative and positive freedom», Philosophical Review, LXXVI, 3 (1967), pp. 312-334. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2183622
MACINTYRE, Alasdair: After virtue: A study in moral theory, Notre Dame, IN, University of Notre Dame Press, 1984. [Tras la virtud, Barcelona, Crítica, 2001].
MACKINNON, Catharine: Toward a feminist theory of the state, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1989. [Hacia una teoría feminista del estado, Madrid, Cátedra, 1995].
MACKINNON, Catharine: Only words, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1993.
MACLEOD, Arlene Elowe: Accommodating protest: Working women, the new veiling and change in Cairo, New York, Columbia University Press, 1991.
MAHMOOD, Saba: «Feminist theory, embodiment, and the docile agent: Some reflections on the Egyptian Islamic revival», Cultural Anthropology, 6, 2 (2001a), pp. 202-236. [«Teoría feminista y el agente social dócil: algunas reflexiones sobre el renacimiento islámico en Egipto», en L. Suárez Navaz y R. A. Hernández Castillo (eds.), Descolonizando el feminismo: Teorías y prácticas desde los márgenes, Madrid, Cátedra, 2008, pp. 165-221].
MANI, Lata: Contentious traditions: The debate on sati in colonial India, Berkeley-Los Ángeles, University of California Press, 1998. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520921153
MASSSELL, Gregory: The surrogate proletariat: Moslem women and revolutionary strategies in Soviet Central Asia, 1919-1929, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 1974.
METCALF, Barbara: «Living hadith in the Tablighi Jama’at», Journal of Asian Studies, 52, 3 (1993), pp. 584-608. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2058855
METCALF, Barbara: «‘Remaking ourselves’: Islamic self-fashioning in a global movement of spiritual renewal», en M. Marty y S. Appleby (eds.), Accounting for fundamentalisms, Chicago, Chicago University Press, 1994, pp. 706-725.
MILL, John Stuart: On liberty and other essays, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1991. [Sobre la libertad, Madrid, Tecnos, 2008; El utilitarismo: un sistema de la lógica, Madrid, Alianza Editorial, 2002; Del gobierno representativo, Madrid, Tecnos, 2007; El sometimiento de las mujeres, Madrid, Alianza Editorial, 2010].
MINSON, Jeffrey: Questions of conduct: Sexual harassment, citizenship, government, New York, St. Martin’s Press, 1993. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22882-9
MIR-HOSSEINI, Ziba: Islam and gender: The religious debate in contemporary Iran, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 1999. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400843596
MOHANTY, Chandra: «Under Western eyes: Feminist scholarship and colonial discourses», en C. Mohanty, A. Russo y L. Torres (eds.), Third world women and the politics of feminism, Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1991, pp. 51-80. [«Bajo los ojos de occidente: academia feminista y discursos coloniales», en L. Suárez Navaz y R. A. Hernández Castillo (eds.), Descolonizando el feminismo: Teorías y prácticas desde los márgenes, Madrid, Cátedra, 2008, pp. 117-163].
NAJMABADI, Afsaneh: «Hazards of modernity and morality: Women, state and ideology in contemporary Iran», en D. Kandiyoti (ed.), Women, Islam and the state, Philadelphia, Temple University Press, 1991, pp. 48-76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21178-4_3
NAJMABADI, Afsaneh: «Feminism in Islamic republic: ‘Years of hardship, years of growth’», en Y. Haddad y J. Esposito (eds.), Islam, gender and social change, New York, Oxford University Press, 1998, pp. 59-84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195113563.003.0004
NEDELSKY, Jennifer: «Reconceiving autonomy: Sources, thoughts and possibilities», Yale Journal of Law and Feminism, 1, 1 (1989), pp. 7-36.
OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARY (OED), CD-ROM, Oxford University Press, 1999.
PELETZ, Michael: Islamic modern: Religious courts and cultural politics in Malaysia, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 2002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691187457
POCOCK, J. G. A.: Virtue, commerce, and history: Essays on political thought and history, chiefly in the eighteenth century, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511720505
POVINELLI, Elizabeth: The cunning of recognition: Indigenous alterities and the making of Australian multiculturalism, Durham, NC, Duke University Press, 2002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv116895z
RABINOW, Paul: «Introduction», en M. Foucault, Ethics: Subjectivity and Truth: Vol. 1. Essential Works of Foucault, 1954-1984, xi-xlii, New York, New Press, 1997.
RADWAN, Zeinab Abdel Mejid: Zahirat al-hijab baina al-jami’at, Cairo, al Markaz alquami lol-buhuth al ijtima’iyya wal-jina’iyya, 1982.
RANCIÈRE, Jacques: The names of history: On the poetics of knowledge, Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1994. [Els noms de la història: una poètica del saber, València, Universitat de València, 2005].
ROSALDO, Michelle: «The things we do with words: Ilongot speech acts and act theory in philosophy», Language in Society, 11, 2 (1982), pp. 203-237. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404500009209
ROSALDO, Michelle: «Moral/analytic dilemmas posed by the intersection of feminism and social science», en N. Haan, R. Bellah, P. Rabinow y W. Sullivan (eds), Social science as moral inquiry, New York, Columbia University Press, 1983, pp. 76-95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7312/haan92854-007
ROSE, Nikolas: Inventing our selves: Psychology, power, and personhood, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1998.
ROSE, Nikolas: Powers of freedom: Reframing political thought, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1999. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511488856
ROY, Olivier: The failure of political Islam, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1994.
RUBIN, Gayle: «Thinking sex: Notes for a radical theory of the politics of sexuality», en C. Vance, Pleasure and danger: Exploring female sexuality, Boston, Routledge-Kegan Paul, 1984, pp. 267-319.
SALVATORE, Armando: Islam and the political discourse of modernity, Reading, UK, Ithaca Press, 1997.
SAMOIS COLLECTIVE (eds.): Coming to power: Writing and graphics on lesbian S/M, Boston, Alyson, 1987.
SCOTT, James: Weapons of the weak: Everyday form of peasant resistance, New Haven, CT, Yale University Press, 1985.
SCOTT, Joan Wallach: Gender and the politics of history, New York, Columbia University Press, 1988.
SIMHONY, Avital: «Beyond negative and positive freedom. T. H. Green’s view of freedom», Political Theory, 21, 1 (1993), pp. 28-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0090591793021001003
SKINNER, Quentin: Liberty before liberalism, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1998.
SPIVAK, Gayatri: In other words: Essays in cultural politics, New York, Methuen, 1987.
STACEY, Judith: Brave new families. Stories of domestic upheaval in late twentieth-century America, New York, Basic Books, 1991.
STARRETT, Gregory: Putting Islam to work: Education, politics and religious transformations in Egypt, Berkeley-Los Ángeles, University of California Press, 1998. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520919303
STRATHERN, Marilyn: «An awkward relationship: The case of feminism and anthropology», Signs, 12, 2 (1987), pp. 276-292. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/494321
STRATHERN, Marilyn: The gender of the gift: Problems with women and problems with society in Melanesia, Berkeley-Los Ángeles, University of California Press, 1988. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520064232.001.0001
STRATHERN, Marilyn: Reproducing the future: Essays on anthropology, kinship and the new reproductive technologies, New York, Routledge, 1992b.
TAYLOR, Charles: «Kant’s Theory of Freedom», en Philosophy and the human sciences: Philosophical papers 2, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985b, pp. 187-210.
TAYLOR, Charles: «What’s Wrong with Negative Liberty», en Philosophy and the human sciences: Philosophical papers 2, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985c, pp. 211-229. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139173490.009
TAYLOR, Charles: Sources of the self: The making of modern identity, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1989. [Fuentes del yo: la construcción de la identidad moderna, Barcelona, Paidós, 2006].
TAYLOR, Charles: «Irreducibly social goods», en Philosophical arguments, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1995, pp. 127-145.
TORAB, Azam: «Piety as gendered agency: A study of jalaseh ritual discourse in an urban neighbourhood in Iran», Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 2, 2 (1996), pp. 235-252. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3034094
WEST, David: «Spinoza on positive freedom», Political Studies, XLI, 2 (1993), pp. 284-296. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.1993.tb01407.x
WIKAN, Unni: Behind the veil in Arabia: Women in Oman, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1991.
YOUNG, Iris: Justice and the politics of difference, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 1990. [La justicia y las políticas de la diferencia, Madrid, Cátedra, 1990].
ZEGHAL, Malika: Gardiens de l’Islam: Les oulémas d’Al Azhar dans l’Égypte contemporaine, Paris, Presses de la Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques, 1996. [Los guardianes del Islam: Los intelectuales tradicionales y el reto de la modernidad, Barcelona, Bellaterra, 1997].
ZUHUR, Sherifa: Revealing reveiling: Islamist gender ideology in contemporary Egypt, Albany, State University of New York Press, 1992.